Ecological Succession

Successful establishment of a species in a new area is called as

Assertion $\left(\mathrm{A}\right)$: Ecological succession can tum a lake into a dry-land forest with time.

Reason $\left(\mathrm{R}\right)$: A barren rock can become a forest through ecological succession

A violent volcanic eruption wiped out most of the life forms in an island. Over different forms of simple organisms colonised this region, followed by the emergence of other organisms such as shrubs, woody plants, invertebrates and mammals. This ecological process is referred to as

The examples of pioneer species includes

One of the following statements is not true with reference to a successive seral stages.

Choose the correct statements.
A) Developing a carbon tax system will help in prevention of global warming.
B) Biome is the major ecological community consisting of all ecosystems.
C) Primary succession in water starts with planktons free floating angiosperms, rooted hydrophytes sedges, grasses and finally trees as forest.
D) Eugen Warming classified plant communities.

Identify the incorrect statement regarding ecological succession:
1. Primary succession takes longer than secondary succession.
2. Both hydrarch and xerarch successions proceed to a similar climax community.
3. Pioneers in secondary hydrarch succession are invariably phytoplankton.
4. As succession proceeds the number and type of animals and decomposers change due to change in the vegetation.

Lichen is pioneer in succession of

Plants which are attached to the stones and rocks are

The second stage of hydrosere is occupied by plants like :-

Both, hydrarch and xerarch successions lead to :

Crustose lichens which firstly appear on those invaded barren land, are:-

The correct sequence of plants in a hydrosere is:-

The sequential events from initial stage till climax stage in a succession are called :-

Secondary Succession takes place on/in:

Which of the following would appear as the pioneer organisms on bare rocks?

Community is defined as aggregation of

The role of an organism in the ecological system is known as

Consider the following statements and select the option which includes all the correct ones only:-
(a) Succession is parallel with the changes in the physical environment.
(b) As succession proceeds, the number and types of animals and decomposers also change.
(c) Littoral zone has high diversity.
(d) Key stone species are abundantly found in a community.